Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial composed of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice via sp² hybridization. It possesses outstanding optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, featuring a large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, and exceptional toughness, making it a novel material with revolutionary potential.
As a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, graphene has clearly defined core specifications: 5–10 layers, a specific surface area of ≥400 m²/g, and electrical conductivity of ≥10,000 S/m. With its unique structure and exceptional properties, it holds significant application potential in materials science, micro- and nanofabrication, energy, biomedicine, and drug delivery. Considered a revolutionary material of the future, graphene can be produced in various specifications through multiple fabrication processes.
The core feature of graphene is its two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure, which endows it with superior optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. It boasts a large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, exceptional toughness, light weight, and excellent chemical stability. It holds broad application prospects, primarily in the fields of materials science (preparation of new composite materials), micro- and nano-fabrication, energy (energy storage, conductive materials), biomedicine, and drug delivery. It is expected to drive technological innovation in related industries and possesses extremely high value for both scientific research and industrialization.
There are various methods for preparing graphene, including mechanical exfoliation, chemical exfoliation, and vapor deposition. The appropriate preparation process can be selected based on application requirements. During the preparation process, key parameters such as the number of layers, specific surface area, and electrical conductivity must be strictly controlled to ensure that product performance meets the requirements of the application scenario. Currently, large-scale production has been gradually achieved.
Graphene powder is a material composed of single-layer graphene that possesses a variety of outstanding physical and chemical properties. Key specifications include: 5–10 layers, a specific surface area of ≥400 m²/g, and an electrical conductivity of ≥10,000 S/m. Currently, it is primarily used in fields such as new energy, anti-corrosion coatings, composite materials, and biosensors, and has a wide range of applications.
There is a key issue with the use of flake graphite in refractory materials: poor wettability.
Specifically:
Flake graphite has low surface tension, and its surface contains approximately 0.45% volatile organic compounds.
The graphite surface is highly hydrophobic, resulting in poor wettability with the silicate liquid phase.
It tends to agglomerate in castables, making it difficult to disperse uniformly, which affects the material’s density.
It should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated environment to prevent caking caused by moisture. Avoid direct sunlight and high temperatures. Packaging must be tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and deterioration.
Expandable graphite is a graphite intercalation compound. It is produced by using natural flake graphite as raw material and introducing acids (such as sulfuric acid) and oxidizing agents into the graphite layers through chemical or electrochemical methods.
Graphite consists of countless layers of graphene stacked on top of one another, while graphene is a single layer of graphite. You can think of it this way: if you repeatedly wrap graphite with adhesive tape and peel it off, you may eventually obtain a single layer of graphene—which is, in fact, how it was originally discovered.
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